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(B) The reaction of an alcohol with thionyl chloride $(SOCl_2)$ is a well-known method for the preparation of alkyl chlorides.This reaction proceeds v

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$S_{N^2}$

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(B) The reaction of an alcohol with thionyl chloride $(SOCl_2)$ is a well-known method for the preparation of alkyl chlorides.This reaction proceeds via the $S_{Ni}$ (Substitution Nucleophilic internal) mechanism.In this mechanism,the configuration of the chiral center is retained because the nucleophile $(Cl^-)$ attacks from the same side as the leaving group departs,often involving an internal delivery of the chloride ion.However,among the given options,the $S_{N^i}$ mechanism is a specific type of nucleophilic substitution that is often categorized under the broader umbrella of $S_N$ mechanisms.Given the options provided and the stereochemical outcome (retention of configuration),the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution. In the absence of $S_{Ni}$ as an explicit option,it is often associated with $S_N$ pathways. Specifically,for primary and secondary alcohols,it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

The reaction shown in the image proceeds by the $.......$ mechanism.
$CH_3CH_2CH(OH)CH_3 + SOCl_2 \rightarrow CH_3CH_2CH(Cl)CH_3 + SO_2 + HCl$

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The reaction shown in the image proceeds by the $.......$ mechanism.$CH_3CH_2CH(OH)CH_3 + SOCl_2 \rightarrow CH_3CH_2CH(Cl)CH_3 + SO_2 + HCl$